The construction of basements and supply and disposal installations, and the creation of traffic routes, all require excavation work. Typically, excavations are flattened with embankments. Increased depths make this approach uneconomical, however, and conditions of space can render it impossible.
Berlin-type pit lining, for instance; back-anchored pile walls are used here, for instance. These consist of perpendicular pile supports and horizontal infill. The pile supports (e.g. double U-profile) are installed along the planned excavation site. After this, excavation can begin, step by step. Subsequently, infill is added with wooden piles to the fields created between the pile supports. For excavations of greater depth, the fixing of pile supports is not sufficient to counteract the soil load. This situation can be remedied by means of back anchoring with grout anchors. The resulting loads are then diverted through the back anchor. Back anchoring is also used in the construction of other building pit walls, such as the Essen-type pit lining, sheet pile walls or pile walls.
